Tag Archives: Morden

Growing up in Mitcham in the 1950s And 1960s

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The following has been kindly provided by Jeff Brooks, which is his own account of growing up in Mitcham in the 1950s And 1960s.

I was born in The Woodlands Maternity Home in Devonshire Road, Colliers Wood, in July 1952. The Home was opened in 1924 and, in 1938, the staff comprised a Matron, two Sisters, two Staff Nurses and three Pupil Midwives. It closed in 1971 . The site is now occupied by The Woodlands House Care and Nursing Home. Apparently, I was born on a boarded-over bath as the “ birthing “ beds were all in use ! Seven years after the end of World War II, these were often grey and difficult times in Mitcham and the rest of the UK – food rationing did not end until 1954.

Just five months after I was born,” The Great Smog of London “ enveloped Mitcham and many other parts of the metropolis. The “ pea-souper ” lasted from Friday 9th. December until Tuesday 13th. December. Contemporaneous figures estimated the number of people killed as a result of the smog at c. 4,000 but more recent estimates give the number at c. 10,000 – c. 12,000. Many others suffered respiratory problems. I ( understandably ) do not remember this event but was probably coughing in my pram. The Clean Air Act of 1956 introduced measures to reduce air pollution and to increase the use of smokeless fuels but it took a number of years for these to have significant effect.

My family home during the 1950s and 1960s was at 94, London Road, Mitcham, opposite Figges Marsh, between Crusoe Road and Pitcairn Road. The three storeyed Edwardian house ( originally 14, Sibthorp Terrace / Villas before re-numbering in the 1930s ), had been rented by my mother’s family, the McKenzies, for many years. Indeed, my mother had been born in the house in 1920. The top floor and part of the middle floor were always sub-let to a variety of lodgers. I can clearly recall being entrusted to walk to the agents, Leonard, Davey and Hart, at The Fair Green, to pay the monthly rent, holding very tightly on to the old pound and, maybe, ten shilling, notes. A visit to Leonard, Davey and Hart was like stepping back into the Victorian era – dark wood panelling, an oppressive atmosphere and a single clerk in the outer office sitting behind a sturdy wooden desk laden with ledgers. This clerk only had one arm ( I always supposed that the other had been lost in WW II ) and he had difficulty in tearing the rent receipt off at the perforated edge. I wondered whether to offer to help him but was too scared to ask and I left the office as quickly as I could and returned to the twentieth century.

Originally, the terrace of houses covered the whole space between Crusoe and Pitcairn Roads but those at the northern end were destroyed by enemy bombs during World War II and replaced by new housing, as were the houses between Pitcairn Road and Swains Road. A resident of 9, Pitcairn Road, was killed as a result of enemy action on 25th. September 1940. Opposite the McKenzie house, on Figges Marsh, was an air raid shelter which was not demolished until the 1970s.

The house next door to 94, number 96, housed the local doctor’s surgery on the ground floor. The entrance was in Crusoe Road. In the 1910/11 Street Directory the surgery of the house ( then 15, Sibthorpe Terrace and named “ Oakdene “ ) was occupied by Williams Wm. Archelaus, Physician and Surgeon. Doctors that I recall in the 1960s are Dr. Canning and Dr. Stroud. There was no appointment system in those days – it was first come, first served. The long, narrow waiting room had two rows of chairs facing each other. On arrival, a patient took the first chair available. When a bell rang, signifying a doctor’s availability, the patient at the front of the seated queue entered the surgery and everyone else, coughing and spluttering, shuffled along one seat. A perfect environment for the spreading of germs !

My earliest memory is of falling off my tricycle on a path on Figges Marsh when I was, probably, about three years old. I have vague memories of milk and, maybe, bread being delivered by horse-drawn carts. Certainly, Youngs Brewery beer was delivered to The Gorringe Park Arms pub just a couple of hundred yards away at Tooting Junction by dray horses at the time. Most daily beer deliveries by horse stopped in 1997, although pubs in and around Wandsworth continued to be served by horse-drawn carts until the Brewery closed in 2006. As I was growing up, I often wondered why Tooting Junction was so-called as it was not a railway junction. Some years later, I learnt that it was once a junction with a separate line to Wimbledon via Merton Abbey Station in addition to the line via Haydons Road. The station was renamed as Tooting in 1934 but the term , “ the Junction “, remained in use by the local community.

Shopping was “ up the Junction “, some shops on the Mitcham side of the border ( which runs along the course of the River Graveney ) and some on the Tooting side. The first supermarket in the vicinity was Victor Value, in Mitcham Road, Tooting which opened in the late 1950s. Victor Value stores were predominantly based in C2 ( skilled working class) and D ( working class ) categories of the demographic classification used in the UK. The company sold its outlets to Tesco in 1968. Much of our family’s shopping was undertaken in Genery’s Store in Grenfell Road, Mitcham – my parents’ first home, after their marriage in 1940, was in the first floor flat above the shop. As a youngster I was allowed by Rose Genery to operate, under supervision, the ham slicing machine behind the counter. Little reference to Health and Safety ! Rose also allowed me to take a biscuit, usually a Bourbon, from the sack of mixed biscuits on the floor.

In line with the majority of the adult population at the time, both of my parents were smokers. I was regularly sent to Ward’s on the corner of London Road and Arnold Road ( later managed by the unforgettably named Harry Bender ) or Baker’s on London Road near to the turning for Finborough Road for 20 Kensitas cigarettes ( and a couple of packets of Trebor Mints ) for my mother and a half an ounce of Old Holborn and a packet of Rizla papers for my father. No age restrictions then on purchases. Maybe, if I had been good, I could also purchase a bar of Crunchie or Fry’s Five Boys chocolate for me.

My father, Ray, was a Vitreous Enameller, working in the Stewart and Gray factory in Swains Road (sometimes known as Lane) . He worked long shifts ( 6.00 am – 6.00pm ) and , sometimes, night shifts ( 6.00pm – 6.00 am ). An early memory of mine is of rushing down to the factory on my Mobil scooter to meet him from a day shift and being allowed to stamp his card, 6.01 pm, in the clocking in/out machine. At weekends he was able to take me around the site, showing me the furnaces, the wind tunnel, the Paint Shop and the Frit Shop ( frit is a mixture of fused materials, such as silica, used in enamel making ). I was also able to watch him lean over a huge vat of acid ( don’t know what acid it was ! ) and lower a string bag of dirty old pennies in and see them emerge shining bright and golden. Magic! I don’t recall a lot of Health and Safety in operation at the time! Stewart and Gray relocated to Wellingborough in Northamptonshire in the late 1960s.

As with most women at the time, my mother, Dorothy, did not work during the 1950s and early 1960s , apart from a few hours on a Saturday afternoon in the tea bar at the local amateur football club, Tooting and Mitcham United in Sandy Lane. I believe that for each shift at the ground (probably 1.15pm- 4.15pm ) she was paid 7/6d. ( 37 1/2p ), which she considered to be her “ pin money “. I fondly remember, especially on cold afternoons, going in to the tea bar, with my good friend, Richard, to get a crafty free hot blackcurrant juice and, if lucky, a couple of Rich Tea or Ginger Nut biscuits. Later in the 1960s, my mother worked part-time in Pascall’s Sweet Factory and the Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society’s bakery, both factories in Streatham Road, and J F Renshaw and Co. Ltd., in Locks Lane. Fond memories of misshapen sweets from Pascall’s, hot bread from the RACS bakery and macaroons and, sometimes, petit fours from Renshaws. I also had a spell, as a “ Saturday boy “, cleaning the floors and ovens, in the RACS bakery in 1967/68. I recall that my first wage packet for an 8-hour day ( 8.00am – 4.00pm ) was 29/6d. ( £1-47 ½ p ) and being affronted to learn that I had to pay a few pence in National Insurance contributions. My wages were collected from the Pay Office where, just a few years earlier, in 1962, an RACS employee had been shot and killed in an armed robbery ( George Thatcher was convicted of murder and sentenced to hang but this was commuted to life imprisonment and he served 18 years in prison ). None of the factories where my mother and I worked survived to the present day.

My mother’s Saturday afternoons at Sandy Lane engendered in me a life-long passion for the football club and I spent many hours on the terraces during the 1960s. I was considered to be too young to attend the big FA Cup matches of the 1958/59 season ( Pathe News highlights of the win against Bournemouth and Boscombe Athletic and the draw against First Division Nottingham Forest are available on YouTube), but my older brother, Graham, was there and my mother was in the tea bar serving the thousands ( 14,300 for the Forest game ) of spectators. The club was formed by the amalgamation in 1932 of Tooting Town FC (founded in 1887) and Mitcham Wanderers FC (founded in 1912). The ground had previously been part of a market garden and Tooting Town FC acquired some onions on purchase – these were dug up and sold for 7/6d, (37 1/2p ) – it has been recorded that this item was recorded on the 1922/23 Club balance sheet as the first contribution to the Ground Improvement Fund ! As the merged club’s ground had previously been occupied by Tooting Town the new united name had “ Tooting “ preceding “Mitcham” despite being located in Mitcham and M preceding T in the alphabet ! The, previously mentioned, Harry Bender displayed posters of the club’s forthcoming matches in his shop and, not being a follower of football, generously gave the season ticket he received for the advertisement to me ! The club relocated from Sandy Lane to Bishopsford Road in 2002 and four of the streets on the housing development built on the old site were named after famous Tooting and Mitcham United players – Hasty Close, Slade Way, Pearson Way and Stepney Close. The move saw the club formally leave Mitcham, as the new location is just over the border (along the course of the River Wandle) into Morden. I have written two books about the club – “Tooting On the Move – A Farewell to Sandy Lane, Home of Tooting and Mitcham United FC from 1922 – 2002” ( published in 2002 , currently out of print ), and “ We Woz Robbed In ‘59 – A Record of Tooting and Mitcham United FC’s Epic 1958/59 Season, set to a background of social events of the time “ ( published in 2018 , still available, cover price £10-00 – contact me on brooksjeff18@aol.com for details ).

My education began at Bond Road School in 1957 – no nursery or pre-school for me. The Primary School Head Teacher was the memorably named Miss Crang. Her counterpart in the Junior School was Mr. Shelton, who would “ slipper “ ( one step down from a caning ) children, including me on occasions, for misdemeanours. Other teachers I recall were Miss Clarke, Mrs. Singer and Mr. Ebenezer ( known as “ the bald-headed geezer “ ). Although The Clean Air Act was on the statute book , I can recall walking home along London Road in thick, unpleasant smogs, feeling my way along the fences of houses to ensure that I did not stray into the road ( the last London smog took place in December 1962 ) and being instructed by my mother to close the front door quickly to keep the smelly, yellow wisps of smog out of the house. Even so, some always seemed to penetrate into the hallway. Walks home were usually more pleasant, especially in the Summer months, with the floral displays at Tamworth Farm Recreation Ground ( more commonly known as just “The Rec. “ ). As I walked past Monarch Parade I tried, with little success, to envisage The Holborn Industrial Schools which had been built on the site in 1856 as part of the Mitcham Workhouse complex and which my mother remembered and had described to me. The buildings were demolished in the early 1930s. Opposite the Schools was St. George’s Pond – this must have been drained at about the same time as the Schools were demolished. On this site, Mitcham Public Library was built and opened in May 1933. I have special memories of the separate Children’s Library on the Armfield Crescent side of the Library, where my passionate and life-long love of books and literature began.

One day in 1961, Routemaster buses were being introduced on the 220 route through Mitcham to West Croydon ( they had been used on other routes in London since 1956). This was an exciting event and I waited to get one, letting plenty of “ ordinary “ buses pass. I arrived at school late and was, I am sure, suitably reprimanded. The 220 diesel bus had replaced the 630 trolleybus in July 1960. Other buses I could get along London Road were the 44, the 64, the 77, the 80 and the 88. If I chose to walk home, I could use my bus fare in Mayhew’s, near the London Road entrance/exit to Bond Road School, and choose a liquorice sweet from the “ penny tray “.

One of my proudest memories of Bond Road School is of being selected for the 1962/63 school football team. I recall being taken to Tring’s Sports Shop in Monarch Parade to be measured up for the kit – white shirts, black shorts. I am sure that a team photograph was taken but, alas, I do not have a copy. Matches against local schools were played on midweek afternoons and I was always pleased when my class’s lesson was interrupted for the names of the boys ( sadly, no girls’ teams in those days ) who were playing to be called out. The first halves of matches were played in front of few spectators ( maybe some Mums and Dads ) but, by the time the second half commenced, the school day had ended and the touchlines were packed with noisy children, lustily chanting “ 2-4-6-8, Who do we appreciate ? , B-O-N-D, Bond ! “. I still have my hand-written record of matches played that season – victories versus The Star School, St. Peter’s and St. Paul’s, Links Road, St. Mark’s and a draw and a loss to Fortescue Road. It is likely that the number of matches played was lower than most seasons due to “ The Great Freeze” of 1963 ( ice and snow in London from 26th December 1962 until 6th March 1963 ). In the Mitcham Schools Cup competition, Bond Road lost to Pollard’s Hill – this was a big disappointment to me as the Final was always played at the Sandy Lane ground of Tooting and Mitcham United FC with its large grandstand and banks of concrete terracing. My regret must have been somewhat assuaged as the Borough’s Annual Sports Day was also held at the ground and I do recall running in a race there. I must have done OK at Bond Road School as I passed the 11-Plus examination in 1963 and moved to Mitcham County Grammar School for Boys on Commonside East.

I enjoyed my time at the Grammar School, despite having to wear short trousers for the first term and a cap until the age of 16 ! In retrospect, it seemed to operate more like a public ( ie. private ! ) school than a state school. There was a big emphasis on academic achievement, discipline and hierarchy. Teachers were known as Masters, often wearing gowns, and fellow pupils addressed by surname only. In addition to Masters, discipline was enforced by Prefects and by Senior Prefects who, like Masters, were also entitled to wear gowns ( I made it to Prefect status, with gold braid around the edges of my blazer, but never attained the Senior level ). Hair length and adherence to the uniform policy were strictly monitored. Nicknames were prevalent – Masters such as “ Boggy “ Marsh, “ Hum “ Harper, “ Slag “ Dixon, “ Taffy “ Greenall, “ Spike “ Richards and “ Scruff “ Purbrick as well as the Headmaster, “Crippen” ( after the notorious murderer ) Bingham. Mr. Boagey needed no nickname. All the teachers were male and addressed as “ Sir “ – until Frau Schmidt arrived to teach German ! I clearly remember “ Crippen “ ordering me to get my hair cut when it was just touching my collar and, obediently, going to the barbers’ straight after school.

I represented the school at Athletics and Tennis but the real accolade was to be picked for the Rugby Team and I was proud to be selected and to wear the green and lavender hooped shirts. Sadly for me, football was not formally played at the school but every break-time saw a tennis ball being kicked around in the playground and every lunchtime saw a few informal, and fiercely contested, kick-abouts on Mitcham Common near The Three Kings’ Piece. However, there was one football match which took place near The Mill House on the Common in March 1969 – Staff v School ! I was selected for the School team. A report was included in the 1969 edition of the Yearbook, “ The Mitchamian “, written by teacher, “ Syd “ Perks ( “Syd “ was more like “ one of the boys “ than a Master ). The report details a 2-1 victory for the Staff under the headline “ Staff Pulverise School “. Apparently, “ at the final whistle three cheers were given by the dejected school team for the winners “ but I don’t remember this ! One sporting activity I didn’t enjoy was cross-country running on the Common. The agony was often slightly ameliorated by surreptitious calls at a friend’s house on Commonside East for a quick and refreshing lemonade or orange juice ! And, at least, the final stretch was downhill along the Beehive Bridge.

Our rugby matches were played on the Playing Fields in London Road, near (then) Mitcham Station and (now) Mitcham Tram Stop, behind Baron, Fenning and Gedge Courts. This was a fair walk from Commonside East, down Cold Blows, past the Cricket Green and along London Road. At the time, the school also used the facilities now occupied by The Toby Carvery at Park Place, Commonside West for athletics, cricket and tennis. This was still known as “The News of The World Sports Ground”, which had been built in 1924, but vacated by the newspaper group in the early 1960s. A common sight at school rugby matches was the Headmaster, C R Bingham, driving his blue Rover across the grass at the Playing Fields and parking right by the pitch where the First XV were playing. In 1968 Mr. Bingham was replaced as Headmaster by Mr. B F Atherton. This heralded a more liberal regime. Hair became longer and some boys even sported beards ( sadly, I was still at the “ bum fluff “ stage ).

As my friends and I grew into our teenage years and we got a bit bolder, we began to socialise in the Mitcham area. Initially, some tentative forays inside Leo’s Milk Bar on London Road near The Cricket Green and, then, The Three Kings’ pub or, more regularly, The King’s Head ( more commonly known as The Burn Bullock ) pub by The Cricket Green where pints of Double Diamond were bravely supped. In the upstairs bar on a Friday evening, “Aunty Marjorie” ( a friend of my mother’s family and not a real aunt to any of us ) would belt out tunes on the “ old Joanna “ accompanied by the Grammar School boys ! There were also trips to “ the pictures “ ( first girlfriend time ), mostly to the Tooting Granada – there were four other cinemas in Tooting ( the Astoria, the Classic, the Mayfair and the Vogue ), or the Majestic at The Fair Green in Mitcham . Live music in the area at the time was rare , although The Granada had hosted many famous singers and bands in the 1950s and the early 1960s – Frank Sinatra ( his UK debut ), Johnny Ray, The Andrews Sisters, Pat Boone, Guy Mitchell, Cliff Richard and The Drifters (pre-Shadows days ), The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Jerry Lee Lewis, Buddy Holly and The Crickets, Gene Vincent (his UK debut), Dusty Springfield, James Brown, Roy Orbison, The Kinks, The Who, The Jimi Hendrix Experience and many more. The last concert at the historic venue was given by The Bee Gees in April 1968. Jerry Lee Lewis also ventured into Mitcham headlining two shows at The Majestic on 14th. May 1962, supported by Johnny Kidd and The Pirates, The Viscounts, Vince Eager, The Echoes, Mark Eden, Danny Storm and Buddy Britten. My cousin, Barbara, was at The Beatles show at The Granada in 1963 but my first taste of live music was a trip to The Royal Albert Hall in 1969 to see Simon and Garfunkel.

We also made occasional forays to the Top Rank Suite in Croydon and The Bali Hai Discotheque in the Streatham Ice Rink in a ( largely vain ) attempt to meet girls. Slightly more successful were Monday Ballroom Dancing nights at the, more sedate but exotically named , Palais de Danse in London Road near Mitcham Station. Ballroom dancing even though this was, supposedly, “ The Swinging Sixties “ ! I regularly attended the St. Mark’s Youth Club in St. Mark’s Road for table tennis etc., followed by “ six of chips “ , ( 6d., 2 ½ p ), worth of chips, with a bit of “ crackling “, from Hutton’s Fish and Chip Shop at The Fair Green.
I left the Grammar School in July 1969 after completing my “ A “ Levels. This was also the end for the School ( established in 1922 ) as it then merged with Eastfields School on Grove Road, Mitcham on the old Mizen’s Nursery site, next to Pain’s Firework Factory ( which had relocated to Salisbury in 1966 ). The site in Commonside East was occupied by the St. Thomas of Canterbury Roman Catholic Primary School. Famous Old Boys of the Grammar School include the athlete Brian Hewson, who won the gold medal in the 1500 metres at the European Championship in Stockholm in 1958 and represented Great Britain in the 1956 and 1960 Olympic Games and Alan Simpson ( who, sadly, died in 2017 ) of scriptwriting fame with Ray Galton ( “ Hancock “ and “ Steptoe and Son “ ). In 2012, I proposed to the Comedy Society of Great Britain that a plaque be erected at the site where Alan and Ray met in 1948 – the Milford Sanatorium, near Godalming, in Surrey, where they were both recovering from tuberculosis. The blue plaque was unveiled by Paul Merton, with Alan and Ray in attendance, on 1st. July 2013.

So, the decade of the 1960s came to an end – a much different world and a much different Mitcham from the start of the 1950s decade. World events during this period included the on-going Cold War and the proliferation of nuclear weapons, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the wars in Korea and Vietnam, the assassination of J F Kennedy, the discovery of DNA, the launch into space of the Soviet satellite Sputnik and Neil Armstrong’s first steps on the Moon. In Europe, the Treaty of Rome was signed in 1956 ( without UK participation ), forming The Common Market.

In the UK, 1951 saw The Festival of Britain on London’s South Bank as well as the defection of the Communist spies, Guy Burgess and Donald McLean, to the Soviet Union. In 1956 the repercussions of the Suez Crisis, and its links to the themes of imperialism and decolonisation, were a big topic of debate . Race riots took place in London’s Notting Hill and in Nottingham in 1958. The 1960s was a period of much liberalism – the relaxation of censorship laws (after the unsuccessful trial of D H Lawrence’s book, “Lady Chatterley’s Lover “, for obscenity ), the repeal of the death penalty and the decriminalisation of homosexual acts between consenting adults. There were many societal changes in the fields of youth culture ( eg Teddy Boys ), fashion, music, class, consumerism, employment, industrial relations, immigration, race relations etc. The Profumo Affair in 1963 encapsulated many of the changes and another Communist spy, Kim Philby, defected to the Soviet Union that year. And, of course, England won the World Cup in 1966 ! In politics, the 1950s started with a Labour Government, under the leadership of Clement Attlee, and the end of the 1960s also saw a Labour Government in power, under the leadership of Harold Wilson. In the intervening years, the country had seen 13 years of Conservative government, under the leadership of Winston Churchill, Anthony Eden, Harold MacMillan and Alec Douglas Home.

And Mitcham saw changes too. Its status changed from being a Municipal Borough of North East Surrey to being a constituent part of The London Borough of Merton in 1965, a result of the Local Government Act of 1963. Many old buildings were demolished, often being replaced by new housing developments, such as the Phipps Bridge Estate. The gas works in Western Road closed in 1960. The Majestic Cinema on the corner of St. Mark’s Road had shown its last films, “ Pit of Darkness “ starring William Franklyn and “ What A Whopper “ starring Adam Faith, in November 1961. The building then housed the Alpha Bingo Club. And the seemingly interminable debate about the traffic at the Fair Green continued !

Jeff Brooks
January 2022

1911 : Memories of Mitcham by Ben Slater

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Benjamin Slater wrote of his memories of Mitcham in 1911. The following was published in the October 1932 edition of the East Mitcham Ratepayers Association Magazine.

Some notes:
1. Major Moor refers to Moore as in Potter & Moore;
2. 10 acres is about half the size of the present day Figges Marsh;
3. Mr Aspery assumed to mean Mr Asprey;
4. The Tram line was the Surrey Iron Railway
———–
MEMORIES OF MITCHAM

By the Late BENJAMIN SLATER.
(Written in 1911. The Author’s vivid italics have been retained).

In the year 1848 the land now covered by the coal wharf and Harvey & Knight’s Floor Cloth factory in Morden Road, Mitcham, was a field of Liquorice which is grown for Its Root – which penetrates the earth to the depth of from 3 to 4 feet, and has to be trenched out of the ground by men to that depth. In the work of getting this crop out the men came across a large quantity of human bones – some of the skeletons were found in stone coffins – with them a long sword was found; a number of spears were also found, also silver and bronze coins; most of these the men kept – also some of the spears. There used to be a man come down each week and buy these of the men employed in the work – all the swords – and most of the spears were taken to Major Moor’s house at Fig’s Marsh, where he lived at Manor House by the Swan Hotel. The bones were taken to a barn which stood where John’s Place now stands called Angel’s Farm, and there taken care of until the work of trenching was over – and then carted back to the field and buried in a deep trench. There was also found several cups shaped like a beer glass with a foot to it, the lip was curved very much, it looked to be made of black mud with a greyish look about it; some of them got broken, but the men took them home. The teeth in the skulls were as perfect and bright as in life, there were several sets taken away by the men. I found a spear and a set of teeth myself some time after the work had been finished, but don’t know what became of them; the silver coins were about as large as a two shilling piece, but thin as wafer, but in good preservation; the bronze coins were similar in size to the silver ones.

At this time nearly all the land in Mitcham was cultivated in herbs; there were about fifty acres of liquorice grown in Mitcham by Major Moor and Mr James Arthur and one of two other growers; there were also about 100 acres of peppermint grown annually; this crop was distilled for its oil. The oil of peppermint is a very valuable oil, a certain cure for cholera gripes and pains in the stomach. It is very cleansing. I have many times when cutting the crop cut my finger badly, but took no notice of it; it would bleed freely at first but would soon stop, and in twenty-four hours it would be healed up. The mint after being stilled would be carted to a convenient place and put into a lump and mixed with stable manure and used for manuring the land, so you see everything was turned to account. There were also about 50 acres of camomiles grown annually in Mitcham; there were several farmers who grew this crop – there were Major Moor, Mr James Arthur, Mr Francis and William Newman, and a Mr Weston. The farm-house and homestead of Mr Weston stood where Mizen Bros. glass-houses stand now, opposite the Holborn Schools. I believe it was pulled down by Mizens, when they bought the land. The camomile crop was a very important crop, for it employed a very large number of people to gather the flowers; all the village used to turn out to gather the camomile flowers, in the camomile season, which began at the beginning of July and ended the end of August. The Schools used to close for the camomile season, which lasted two months. I have seen as many as 200 women and children in a 10 acre field, gathering of the flowers. They were paid a penny a pound for the gathering of the flowers. The villagers used to reckon on the money they earned in the camomile season to clothe their children, and pay the rent of their houses for the year.

The next important crop to this is Lavender – at least 50 acres of this crop was grown yearly; this was grown for distilling for its scent, it was not used for any other purpose. Then came the Rose – at least 20 acres of the old Cabbage or Provence rose were grown. These roses were grown and distilled for their scent and rose-water – rose-water is used for weak eyes very largely. Then came the damask rose – over 20 or 30 acres of this rose was grown and gathered in its bud; it was a pretty rose, deep crimson in colour – this was treated differently to the Cabbage rose. The petals of the flowers were pulled out of the cup they were set in, the cup thrown away and the petals dried in a stove; they were then ready for sale. Another crop largely grown in Mitcham was caraway; the seeds were distilled for its oil; it is also sold for making caraway cakes.

Next comes the Belladona, largely used for plasters for bad back. Several acres of this herb were grown. It is rather a pretty plant, the seed pods the shape of a hen’s egg, and as large, with spines all over it, growing about 18 inches high, forming a very pretty dark green bushy plant. Then we have the Henbane; this grows 2 feet high with large green leaves as big as your hand, and forms a large bushy plant. It has a flower like a tobacco plant; the seed pod is just like an acorn, set in a cup just the same. There were several acres of it grown. Now I come to the Marsh Malop; this grew about four feet high bearing a mass of convolulus-like flowers, a very pretty plant grown for its root and top both, used chiefly for poultices for bad legs and bruises, etc. Several acres of this herb were grown.

Then there was the Rosemary; this a herb that would be found in every cottage garden, a pretty shrubby plant very much like lavender. This boiled in water and then strained off and left till cool makes a splendid hairwash, clearing away all scurf and relieving the head very much. Then comes the Saffron; this plant is poison, it grows very much like the shrub Cedar of Lebanon, growing about a foot high. This was not grown extensively, being a rather dangerous plant. Then we have the Pennyroyal, a herb growing close to the ground like horehound – there was an acre or two of this grown; and then we come to the Horehound. This was largely grown; this and liquorice boiled together and the liquor drank, is a sure cure for colds, coughs, asthma, and Bronchitis. Then we have the Feverfew; this is used in cases of fever, as the name implies where this is grown few fevers are. Then comes the wormwood. This was largely grown; it is a terrible strong bitter. It was at one time much used in Brewing in place of hops, its use is forbidden now; it grew about 3 feet high; it is so bitter that if you put a piece in your mouth you would shudder from head to foot. Then there was the Rue – this is used for Rue gin, and for croup among fowls and in many other ways. Then there is the Lavender Cotton – a pretty little white green foliage plant with the appearance of lavender, very poisonous. Then there is the loveage. The root of this plant is very much like celery and smells like it. Then comes the Angelica; this is a plant similar to Loveage. Then there was the Squirting Cucumber, a plant like the melon in its foliage growing close to the ground, bearing little white green cucumbers about as large as your thumb; this plant had to be handled by a man who was thoroughly acquainted with its nature. It was so very dangerous the man had to have his mouth and nose covered when working gathering the fruit; these had to be grown in an isolated place where no one would be likely to interfere with them; it would not be safe to grow them in Mitcham now. Then comes the Poppy; two or three acres of these were grown. They were sown in early Spring broadcast and thinned out to about six inches apart; they grew about 5 or 6 feet high, bearing large heads as large as your fist – their stalks were thick and strong, standing on the ground until they were quite dry, then they were gathered and stored for sale. Now comes the Monkshood Aconite, a very deadly poisonous plant, grown for its root and top both. Next comes the Tansey; this herb would be found in most cottage gardens, (they called it the ginger plant) growing two feet high with a fernlike foliage and a yellow flower, it smelt like ginger. I have seen all these herbs grown in Mitcham, and have had a hand in their cultivation. Years back there used to be an old woman live in Mitcham who got her living by gathering wild herbs. I will give you the names of some of the herbs she gathered:

1. The Coltsfoot
2. Devils’ Bit
3. Yerrow
4. Thyme
5. Orris, his smelt like stinking fish
6. Biteny
7. Egremony
8. Red Poppy flowers
9. Yellow Bay
10. Adder’s Spear
11. Dandelion
12. Ground Ivy
13. Calendine

These are only a few of them.

I will now point out one or two of the Big Farms; first of all Major Moor’s Farm on Fig’s Marsh, a very large farm, several hundred acres, employing a great number of hands both men and women. Three-fourths of this Farm was cultivated in Herbs; there was a large distillery adjoining the farm house containing 5 large stills for distilling the herbs. After the Major died, his son James Bridger, carried on the Farm until his death, then it was broken up, and the property sold. There was a building stood in the Farm yard used as an office and store house with a Tower with a clock in it; this clock chimed the quarters and struck the hour. When the Vestry hall was built the bells of this Clock were given to the Vestry hall and are now doing duty there. Major Moor in his day was a man of great authority; his word was law, he was lord of the manor and after him his son, Mr. James Bridger.

Mr James Arthur’s Farm comes next in importance. This Farm is at the top of the Common, now Mr. Daniel Watney’s. This was a very large farm employing a great number of men and women. Nothing but herbs was grown on this Farm. The distillery belonging to this farm is still standing in the Croydon Road, now belonging to a French firm named Jakeson. This farm extended on the Croydon side as far as Thornton Heath and Waddon, and on the Mitcham side as far a Nelson’s Fields, Merton, and Pudding Fields as far as Ravensbury, Morden.

There were several farmers who kept cows. John Bunce, Market Gardener, of Swanes Lane, Fig’s Marsh, kept about a dozen; having no grass land these were grazed on Fig’s Marsh. Then there was Mr. Weston; about the same number from this farm was grazed on Fig’s Marsh; they had boys to see that the cows did not stray into the Fields. There were 5 or 6 cow keepers on the east and west side of the Common who between then kept over 50 cows – these cow-keepers had no land, their cows were grazed on the Common, with boys to look after them. At this time there were no railways across the Common, so they had plenty of space to roam over. I have seen in the hot weather in Summer when flies used to bite them 7 or 8 cows come running off the Common with their tails stuck up in the air and run into the Three King’s Pond half over their bodies in water and stop there switching their tails until the flies had gone before they left the water; no one interfered with them unless they strayed in to the fields. If they did that they were taken to the pound and their owners charged with the damage they had done.

I will now tell you about some of our old Factories. In the year 1830 the Woodite factory that is now on the east side of the Common was then the Mitcham Workhouse, or should I say Poorhouse. After a time the poor were transferred to Dupper’s Hill, Croydon; then the old Mitcham poorhouse was used as a match factory. The first matches ever made were made at this Factory; they were 3 or 4 inches long and as much wood in one as there is in 7 or 8 now made. Theepence a box was charged for them, not more than 3 or 4 dozen matches in a Box. After a time it was changed into a rubber Factory, where the Atlantic Cable was made; while the cable was being made there were several hundred hands employed, which lasted several years; then it was used for making Rubber Tyres for carriages, bikes, motor cars, etc. A part of it is used for that purpose now, the other part is used as a margaine factory. Now I come to the silk printing. There was a large factory at Beddington Corner, on the opposite side of the River to Macraye’s Skin mills. Sample silk printing was done here on a large scaled employing a good many hands. Next I come to the Ravensbury Factory, this was noted for calico printing also silk printing, and the noted Paisley shawls were made and printed here to a large extent. There were a great number of hands employed here both men and women, French, Scottish and English. This factory stood at the back of Rutter’s Tobacco factory, but has been closed some years. Next to this was a silk printing factory at Phipps Bridge belonging to a Mr Aspery, and adjoining this was a large Stocking Factory employing a large number of hands, mostly women; this was burned down and never rebuilt. Next I come to Litler’s silk printing Factory, close to Merton Abbey; this Factory is still working, I think it is the only one left that carries on the work in Mitcham now.

I will tell you now what Mitcham Fair was like 50 years ago. The chief attraction at this time was the dancing Booths. There were three very large booths which stood side by side, each about 20 feet wide and about 30 yards long. Down the middle of these were laid boards to dance on, and on each side there were tables and seats where people could sit and have Refreshments. The dancing commenced at 6 in the evening and lasted until 11, closing time. You paid 3d. for a dance, or you could dance the whole evening by paying a shilling. This used to be jolly fun – plenty of Toe Treading and occasionally naughty words but it was all fair at fair time; the Booths were always full from the time they opened until they closed. There was a Refreshment Bar at the entrance of each Booth where you could ham and beef or bread and cheese and draught or bottled beers. There were oyster stalls around the Fair in every crook and corner where cartloads of oysters were sold during the Fair. Mitcham Fair was called the Oyster Fair; you could get a dozen natives of the best quality for three pence; people used to have a feast at these stalls themselves, and then take some home as a fairing for those at home. There was also pickled salmon sold at these stalls. It was in small tubs called kits, made like a butcher’s pickling tub, wider at the Bottom than at the Top; it was in slices weighing a pound each. A Tub held 12 lbs. And was sold at a shilling a pound; it was pickled in vinegar. People used to go in for this freely. After the Fair was over the lord of the manor sent his carts to clear the oyster shells away; they were carried on to the land as manure.

The gingerbread nut was a favourite among the fair goers; the stalls did big business in this line. You had not been to the Fair unless you took home some gingerbread nuts. You were charged a shilling a pound for these. There were not many Shows; one Circus, where you would see horse riding, tight-rope dancing, tumbling and juggling; there was one Theatre, where you would see Maria Martin in the Red Barn performed; and two or three penny shows, showing white mice and a tame rat and snake in a box, etc. In another a big fat woman and Tom Thumb and his wife another a fire eater and a performing pony who went round the audience and picked out the boy who ate his mother’s sugar, and the girl who put her fingers in the treacle pot, etc. Cheap Jack did a good business always, also the man who sold crackers and penny scratchers, a toy they drew down your back.

On Easter Monday there used to be plenty of sport – greasy pole climbing, hurdle jumping, walking and running matches, bobbing for rolls and treacle, dipping for oranges, dabchick hunting in the Three King’s Pond – this was fine sport. They put the dabchick in the water and then sent dogs in after it, but I never saw a dog catch the Bird. As soon as the dogs got within a few yards of the bird it would disappear under the water and come up some distance off; they would keep going for it until they had to give up and poor dabchick was at rest. They also had grinning through the Horse Collar – this caused plenty of laughter; also donkey jumping in sacks, &c.

On Whit Mondays the Benefit Societies of the parish used to meet for their annual dinners and march around the village with Band and Banners, which brought out all the folks of the village. After all this performance they would sit down to dinner; after dinner was over there was a dance which lasted all night.

On the First of May the Butchers with marrow Bones and Cleavers, and Chimney sweeps with a Jack in the Green would go round the village – the sweeps knocked their brushes on their shovels, and the Butchers knocked their marrow bones on their cleavers, there were two flute players as well, which made up the Band. They paid all the nobility of the place a visit, and collared a good sum of money.

In the year 1840 there was a Tram line running from Wandsworth to Croydon, also a branch line to Beddington Corner, Hackbridge, Carshalton, and I don’t know know how far it went beyond this. It was used for bringing coals from Wandsworth to all the villages on its route. The coal sheds for Mitcham were at the old Mitcham Railway Station as it is now; the line ran on the same ground from Croydon as the present railway runs on now as far as the coal wharf; then it ran in a straight line across to Mitcham Church and on to Merton Pickle and on to Wandsworth. The line was not laid on wooden sleepers but in square blocks of stone a foot square and let in the ground, the upper part a few inches above the ground; the rails were fixed to these by iron spikes. The rails were grooved just the same as the present tram rails are. The trucks used for carrying the coal were drawn by horses. This line was done away with in the year 1844. At this time the road from the church to Merton was a lane with a hedge on both sides, just wide enough for one cart to go down, and was used for getting to and from the land; there was no footways, you had to walk between the ruts where the horses walked, if you went that way. Since that time Mitcham has changed very much, the herbs that were grown then have given place to flowers and vegetables, and miles of glass. If Mizen’s glass houses were placed end to end they would reach miles.

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